Top 100 Most-Disruptive Papers

The 100 most-disruptive papers by the Funk & Owen-Smith CD (disruption) index, which measures how much a paper redirected the field away from prior work.

The disruption index is unreliable for papers published within the last 5 years — the forward-citation window is too short to score them — so recent papers are excluded from this ranking. A research reference for clinicians and trainees, not treatment advice.

  1. Bargen JA · 1994 · Dis Colon Rectum · Chronic ulcerative colitis associated with malignant disease. 1928.CD 0.69
  2. Peters WR · 1992 · J Laparoendosc Surg · Laparoscopic total proctocolectomy with creation of ileostomy for ulcerative colitis: report of two cases.CD 0.50
  3. Spiliadis CA · 1987 · Dis Colon Rectum · Ulcerative colitis with relative sparing of the rectum. Clinical features, histology, and prognosis.CD 0.36
  4. Jiang XL · 2002 · World J Gastroenterol · An analysis of 10218 ulcerative colitis cases in China.CD 0.30
  5. Quinn KP · 2020 · Am J Gastroenterol · An Update on the Medical Management of Inflammatory Pouch Complications.CD 0.22
  6. Orlanski-Meyer E · 2021 · Gastroenterology · Predicting Outcomes in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis for Management Optimization: Systematic Review and Consensus Statements From the Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Ahead Program.CD 0.22
  7. Whitlow CB · 1997 · Dis Colon Rectum · Treatment of colorectal and ileoanal anastomotic sinuses.CD 0.17
  8. Langholz E · 1994 · Gastroenterology · Course of ulcerative colitis: analysis of changes in disease activity over years.CD 0.14
  9. Heppell J · 1983 · Dis Colon Rectum · Fate of the rectal mucosa after rectal mucosectomy and ileoanal anastomosis.CD 0.12
  10. Riddell RH · 1983 · Hum Pathol · Dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease: standardized classification with provisional clinical applications.CD 0.11
  11. Lichtiger S · 1994 · N Engl J Med · Cyclosporine in severe ulcerative colitis refractory to steroid therapy.CD 0.11
  12. Tvede M · 1983 · Scand J Gastroenterol · Serum antibodies to Bacteroides species in chronic inflammatory bowel disease.CD 0.11
  13. Carter FM · 1991 · Dis Colon Rectum · Subtotal colectomy for ulcerative colitis: complications related to the rectal remnant.CD 0.10
  14. Levine DS · 1991 · Gastrointest Endosc · Endoscopic biopsy technique for acquiring larger mucosal samples.CD 0.09
  15. Petersen AM · 2013 · Scand J Gastroenterol · Active ulcerative colitis associated with low prevalence of Blastocystis and Dientamoeba fragilis infection.CD 0.09
  16. Myren J · 1988 · Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl · The OMGE multinational inflammatory bowel disease survey 1976-1986. A further report on 3175 cases.CD 0.08
  17. Hyams JS · 2005 · Pediatr Rev · Inflammatory bowel disease.CD 0.08
  18. Liu CD · 1995 · Am Surg · Laparoscopic surgery for inflammatory bowel disease.CD 0.08
  19. Azimuddin K · 2001 · Dis Colon Rectum · Readmissions after colorectal surgery cannot be predicted.CD 0.07
  20. Cho S · 2019 · J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr · Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infection in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.CD 0.07
  21. Fuller MF · 1994 · Am J Clin Nutr · Amino acid losses in ileostomy fluid on a protein-free diet.CD 0.06
  22. Oakley JR · 1985 · Dis Colon Rectum · The fate of the rectal stump after subtotal colectomy for ulcerative colitis.CD 0.06
  23. Langholz E · 1991 · Scand J Gastroenterol · Incidence and prevalence of ulcerative colitis in Copenhagen county from 1962 to 1987.CD 0.06
  24. Hyams JS · 1996 · J Pediatr · Clinical outcome of ulcerative colitis in children.CD 0.06
  25. Moskowitz RL · 1986 · Int J Colorectal Dis · An assessment of inflammation in the reservoir after restorative proctocolectomy with ileoanal ileal reservoir.CD 0.06
  26. Privitera G · 2021 · Autoimmun Rev · Combination therapy in inflammatory bowel disease - from traditional immunosuppressors towards the new paradigm of dual targeted therapy.CD 0.06
  27. Wexner SD · 1992 · Dis Colon Rectum · Laparoscopic total abdominal colectomy. A prospective trial.CD 0.05
  28. Metcalf AM · 1986 · Ann Surg · Sexual function in women after proctocolectomy.CD 0.05
  29. Galandiuk S · 1995 · Arch Surg · A surgical subspecialist enhances general surgical operative experience.CD 0.05
  30. Metcalf AM · 1986 · Dis Colon Rectum · Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis without temporary, diverting ileostomy.CD 0.05
  31. Hendriksen C · 1985 · Gut · Long term prognosis in ulcerative colitis--based on results from a regional patient group from the county of Copenhagen.CD 0.05
  32. Ekbom A · 1990 · N Engl J Med · Ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer. A population-based study.CD 0.05
  33. Deutsch AA · 1991 · Dis Colon Rectum · Results of the pelvic-pouch procedure in patients with Crohn's disease.CD 0.04
  34. Magro F · 2019 · J Crohns Colitis · Development and Validation of Risk Matrices Concerning Ulcerative Colitis Outcomes-Bayesian Network Analysis.CD 0.04
  35. Florin TH · 1998 · Aust N Z J Med · Treatment of steroid refractory inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF).CD 0.04
  36. Gustavsson S · 1987 · Dis Colon Rectum · Relationship of backwash ileitis to ileal pouchitis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.CD 0.03
  37. Moonka D · 1998 · Am J Gastroenterol · Pouchitis associated with primary cytomegalovirus infection.CD 0.03
  38. Fallingborg J · 1993 · Dig Dis Sci · Very low intraluminal colonic pH in patients with active ulcerative colitis.CD 0.03
  39. Church JM · 1993 · Dis Colon Rectum · Predicting the functional result of anastomoses to the anus: the paradox of preoperative anal resting pressure.CD 0.03
  40. Carlstedt A · 1987 · Int J Colorectal Dis · Long-term ileostomy complications in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.CD 0.03
  41. Fallingborg J · 1999 · Dan Med Bull · Intraluminal pH of the human gastrointestinal tract.CD 0.03
  42. Bauer JJ · 1983 · Ann Surg · Sexual dysfunction following proctocolectomy for benign disease of the colon and rectum.CD 0.03
  43. Mattioli S · 1988 · JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr · Wernicke's encephalopathy during total parenteral nutrition: observation in one case.CD 0.03
  44. Bradley SJ · 1988 · Am Surg · Surgical management of pseudomembranous colitis.CD 0.03
  45. Becker JM · 1996 · J Am Coll Surg · Prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesions by a sodium hyaluronate-based bioresorbable membrane: a prospective, randomized, double-blind multicenter study.CD 0.03
  46. Leong AP · 1994 · Br J Surg · Life-table analysis of stomal complications following ileostomy.CD 0.03
  47. Sugerman H · 1997 · J Intern Med · Intra-abdominal pressure, sagittal abdominal diameter and obesity comorbidity.CD 0.03
  48. Persson E · 2005 · J Adv Nurs · Ostomy patients' perceptions of quality of care.CD 0.03
  49. Nilsson LO · 1985 · Contraception · Absorption of an oral contraceptive gestagen in ulcerative colitis before and after proctocolectomy and construction of a continent ileostomy.CD 0.03
  50. Schoetz DJ · 1997 · Dis Colon Rectum · "Ideal" length of stay after colectomy: whose ideal?CD 0.02
  51. Miner P · 2004 · Aliment Pharmacol Ther · An enema formulation of alicaforsen, an antisense inhibitor of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, in the treatment of chronic, unremitting pouchitis.CD 0.02
  52. West AB · 2004 · J Clin Gastroenterol · The pathology of diverticulosis coli.CD 0.02
  53. Kusunoki M · 1990 · Surgery · Usefulness of valproate sodium for treatment of incontinence after ileoanal anastomosis.CD 0.02
  54. Frøslie KF · 2007 · Gastroenterology · Mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel disease: results from a Norwegian population-based cohort.CD 0.02
  55. Wikland M · 1990 · Int J Colorectal Dis · Gynaecological problems related to anatomical changes after conventional proctocolectomy and ileostomy.CD 0.02
  56. Stavlo PL · 2003 · J Pediatr Surg · Pediatric ileal pouch-anal anastomosis: functional outcomes and quality of life.CD 0.02
  57. Brewer DB · 1990 · J Pathol · Axonal damage in Crohn's disease is frequent, but non-specific.CD 0.02
  58. Boyko EJ · 1989 · Am J Gastroenterol · Coffee and alcohol use and the risk of ulcerative colitis.CD 0.02
  59. Kuroki K · 1998 · Lancet · A new treatment for toxic megacolon.CD 0.02
  60. Schmitz H · 1999 · Gastroenterology · Altered tight junction structure contributes to the impaired epithelial barrier function in ulcerative colitis.CD 0.02
  61. Jones B · 1986 · J Comput Assist Tomogr · Submucosal accumulation of fat in inflammatory bowel disease: CT/pathologic correlation.CD 0.02
  62. Cannom RR · 2009 · Am Surg · Inflammatory bowel disease in the United States from 1998 to 2005: has infliximab affected surgical rates?CD 0.02
  63. Melville DM · 1994 · Gut · Surgery for ulcerative colitis in the era of the pouch: the St Mark's Hospital experience.CD 0.02
  64. Hyams J · 1997 · J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr · Clinical outcome of ulcerative proctitis in children.CD 0.02
  65. Welters CF · 2002 · Dis Colon Rectum · Effect of dietary inulin supplementation on inflammation of pouch mucosa in patients with an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.CD 0.02
  66. Høivik ML · 2013 · Gut · Work disability in inflammatory bowel disease patients 10 years after disease onset: results from the IBSEN Study.CD 0.02
  67. Stelzmueller I · 2005 · Transpl Int · A cluster of rotavirus enteritis in adult transplant recipients.CD 0.02
  68. Seidelin JB · 2013 · Adv Clin Chem · Mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis: pathophysiology and pharmacology.CD 0.01
  69. Beart RW · 1988 · World J Surg · Proctocolectomy and ileoanal anastomosis.CD 0.01
  70. Leijonmarck CE · 1990 · Gut · Factors affecting colectomy rate in ulcerative colitis: an epidemiologic study.CD 0.01
  71. Topor B · 2001 · Am J Surg · Omental transposition for low pelvic anastomoses.CD 0.01
  72. Cosnes J · 2011 · Gastroenterology · Epidemiology and natural history of inflammatory bowel diseases.CD 0.01
  73. Pezim ME · 1984 · Br J Surg · Successful childbirth after restorative proctocolectomy with pelvic ileal reservoir.CD 0.01
  74. Swenson BR · 2005 · Dis Colon Rectum · Modified two-stage ileal pouch-anal anastomosis: equivalent outcomes with less resource utilization.CD 0.01
  75. Atherton LD · 1984 · Gastroenterology · Toxic megacolon associated with methotrexate therapy.CD 0.01
  76. Cooksey G · 1985 · Br J Surg · Surgery for acute ulcerative colitis and toxic megacolon during pregnancy.CD 0.01
  77. Alexander F · 2003 · J Pediatr Surg · Fate of the pouch in 151 pediatric patients after ileal pouch anal anastomosis.CD 0.01
  78. Salter MJ · 1992 · J Adv Nurs · What are the differences in body image between patients with a conventional stoma compared with those who have had a conventional stoma followed by a continent pouch?CD 0.01
  79. Goldstone RN · 2019 · Surg Clin North Am · Abdominal Emergencies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.CD 0.01
  80. Hatada T · 1991 · Am J Surg · Hemodynamics in the prone jackknife position during surgery.CD 0.01
  81. Wang CS · 2018 · World J Gastroenterol · VSL#3 can prevent ulcerative colitis-associated carcinogenesis in mice.CD 0.01
  82. Galandiuk S · 1991 · Dis Colon Rectum · Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis without ileostomy.CD 0.01
  83. Berg DF · 2002 · Am J Surg · Acute surgical emergencies in inflammatory bowel disease.CD 0.01
  84. Becker JM · 1999 · Gastroenterol Clin North Am · Surgical therapy for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.CD 0.01
  85. Pezim ME · 1989 · Dis Colon Rectum · Outcome of "indeterminant" colitis following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis.CD 0.01
  86. Williams JG · 1990 · Br J Surg · Paraileostomy hernia: a clinical and radiological study.CD 0.01
  87. Bernstein CN · 2006 · Am J Gastroenterol · Hospitalization, surgery, and readmission rates of IBD in Canada: a population-based study.CD 0.01
  88. Issa M · 2007 · Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol · Impact of Clostridium difficile on inflammatory bowel disease.CD 0.01
  89. Zogg CK · 2016 · Ann Surg · Rethinking Priorities: Cost of Complications After Elective Colectomy.CD 0.01
  90. Tjandra JJ · 1993 · Am J Surg · Similar functional results after restorative proctocolectomy in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis and mucosal ulcerative colitis.CD 0.01
  91. Langholz E · 1996 · Scand J Gastroenterol · Changes in extent of ulcerative colitis: a study on the course and prognostic factors.CD 0.01
  92. Bauer JJ · 1997 · Dis Colon Rectum · Restorative proctocolectomy in patients older than fifty years.CD 0.01
  93. Loddenkemper C · 2009 · Dig Dis · Diagnostic standards in the pathology of inflammatory bowel disease.CD 0.01
  94. Rossi HL · 2002 · Am Surg · Anal complications after restorative proctocolectomy (J-pouch).CD 0.01
  95. Heald RJ · 1986 · Br J Surg · Stapled ileo-anal anastomosis: a technique to avoid mucosal proctectomy in the ileal pouch operation.CD 0.01
  96. Roskell DE · 1995 · Gut · HIV associated cytomegalovirus colitis as a mimic of inflammatory bowel disease.CD 0.01
  97. Ordás I · 2012 · Lancet · Ulcerative colitis.CD 0.01
  98. Mahida YR · 1991 · Gut · High circulating concentrations of interleukin-6 in active Crohn's disease but not ulcerative colitis.CD 0.01
  99. Martin LW · 1985 · J Pediatr Surg · The critical level for preservation of continence in the ileoanal anastomosis.CD 0.01
  100. Reindl W · 2007 · Gut · Cyclosporin A treatment of steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis during pregnancy: report of two cases.CD 0.01